H-Energy
Natural Gas Facts

Use of Natural Gas

Properties of Natural Gas

Characteristics
  • Odourless, colourless, non-corrosive, non-toxic and lighter than air
  • At atmospheric pressure, it vaporises at any temperature over -161ºC
  • High ignition temperature of 537oC and narrow flammability range (5-15%), makes it a safer fossil fuel compared to other fuel sources
  • The boiling point of LNG depends on its basic composition, but typically is -161°C
  • Natural gas available for commercial use is nearly sulphur free and produces virtually no sulphur dioxide (SO2), emits lower levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and CO2 than other fossil fuels
Boiling Point
  • Methane is the main constituent of natural gas and has a boiling point of −161 °C (-257.8 °F) at atmospheric pressure
Composition
  • It is a mixture of chiefly methane (CH4) and may also contain other hydrocarbons, such as propane, butane, pentane and hexane
  • It commonly also includes some inert gases, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide
Calorific Value
  • 1 ft3 gas = 900 Btu – 1,200 Btu 1 ft3 gas = 1,055 kJ
Pricing Formulas
  • Oil-indexed in Asia and continental Europe
  • Gas-to-gas competition in North America and North Western Europe

Natural Gas as a Fuel

In addition to being cost-effective and flexible in its application, Natural Gas is also an environmental friendly attractive source of energy. When used for power generation, it emits one-third of the CO2 emissions of coal-fired power plants with the same electricity production. Further it also complements the development of renewable energy sources by acting as peaking power plants by addressing the challenge of seasonal and daily output variability of wind and solar energy.In comparison to coal-fired plants, new Natural Gas plants also emit significantly less Sulphur and, nitrogen oxides, and basically no particulate matter or heavy metals. Automobiles running on Natural Gas emit 20% to 30% less CO2 than those running on petrol. Natural Gas has already made significant strides as an automobile fuel for three- and four-wheelers in India. As on February 2020, there were about 3.6 million CNG vehicles and 2,086 CNG Stations in India. As more CGD networks are developed, the use of Natural Gas as a reliable, affordable and sustainable automobile fuel will increase.



In comparison to coal-fired plants, new Natural Gas plants also emit significantly less Sulphur and, nitrogen oxides, and basically no particulate matter or heavy metals. Automobiles running on Natural Gas emit 20% to 30% less CO2 than those running on petrol. Natural Gas has already made significant strides as an automobile fuel for three- and four-wheelers in India. As on February 2020, there were about 3.6 million CNG vehicles and 2,086 CNG Stations in India. As more CGD networks are developed, the use of Natural Gas as a reliable, affordable and sustainable automobile fuel will increase.

LNG as an Automobile Fuel

LNG is cheaper than diesel and has the potential to partly replace it as a fuel in heavy commercial vehicles (HCVs). LNG as an auto fuel in HCVs and public transport has economic as well as environmental advantages – it is 30-40% more efficient and emits less pollutants than all other auto fuels. Further due to lower taxes as compared to diesel it will be considerably cheaper.In addition to LNG use a fuel in HCVs, it can be also used to run railways engines and as a bunker fuel in shipping.

In addition to LNG use a fuel in HCVs, it can be also used to run railways engines and as a bunker fuel in shipping.

LNG for Railways

The Government of India has announced its plan to use LNG as a fuel for Indian Railways. At present, Indian Railways consume about 2.5 billion liters of diesel annually. The Government has projected that equivalent natural gas consumption will be about 1.8 million tons at 95% substitution. LNG is a perfect fuel for heavy duty engines involved in long haul transport across long distances. H-Energy is looking forward to supply LNG to Indian Railways and be the part of green revolution.

LNG for Marine Transport

The maritime industry has seen increased interest in the usage of LNG to meet stringent environmental regulations. LNG Bunkering is a practice of providing LNG to a ship for its own consumption. H-Energy plans to supply LNG as bunker fuel from Jaigarh FSRU through barges to various Indian Ports.

LNG Safety

LNG is very safe to transport. It is transported since 1959, and logs kept of maritime accidents shows that the industry’s safety record is exemplary.

LNG is very safe to transport. It is transported since 1959, and logs kept of maritime accidents shows that the industry’s safety record is exemplary.LNG is an odourless, non-toxic, transparent and non-corrosive liquid. If spilled on land or water, LNG vaporizes and leaves no residue behind. LNG has a high ignition temperature of 537oC and a narrow flammability limit. It will not ignite until it converts into vapour, and even then, the vapour will not ignite until it mixes with air and becomes extremely diluted (flammability limit of 5-15%).

Related Documents

Comparison of LNG vs Alternative Fuels
Global LNG Characteristics.
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